状语从句在复合句中作状语。根据句子含义，可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、行为方式、比较、让步等。状语从句主要考查连接词，包括不同状语从句的常用连接词和一些特殊连接词。

一、时间状语

连接词

when, whenever, while, as, before, after, until, till, by the time, as soon as (一……就), hardly…when (一……就), no sooner…than (一……就), the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, instantly

注意：

主句表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时；while引导的从句中动词一般是延续性的；until用在肯定句中主句动词是延续性的，用在否定句中主句动词是短暂性的。

二、地点状语

连接词：where, wherever

三、原因状语

连接词：because, as, since, now that (既然)

注意：because语气最强；since较弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as次之。

四、条件状语

连接词：if, unless(除非，如果不), once, in case (以防), as long as (只要), on condition that (条件是)

注意：从句中动词时态不可用将来时，常用一般时代替。

五、结果状语

连接词：so…that, such…that

六、目的状语

连接词：so that, in order that, for fear that (唯恐，以免)

注意：so that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情态动词。

七、比较状语

连接词：than, as…as, not so / as…as, the more…the more

八、方式状语

连接词：as if, as though, as

注意：as if和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。

九、让步状语

连接词：

though, although, even if, even though, as,

no matter what, whatever, no matter who, whoever, no matter which, whichever, no matter how, however, no matter when, whenever

注意：as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；although和though用正常语序，可与yet连用，不与but连用。

几对需区分的状语从句的连接词

1、引导时间状语从句的when,while和as。

1)When意为“当…的时候”；引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词。

EG1：Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?(get为短暂性动词)

你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?

注意常考的句型：

①be about to do…when=be on the point of doing…when… 正要做…这时突然

②be doing…when…正在做…这时突然

③had just done …when 刚做完…这时突然

2)while 意为“当….的时候”；引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续性动词。注意：

while还可以作并列连词表示“但是，然而”，表示两种情况对比；也可引导让步状语从句表“尽管，虽然”。

EG2：Strike while the iron is hot. (is为延续性动词,表示一种持续的状态)趁热打铁。

3)as 意为“一边…..一边……;当….的时候 ;随着”; 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续性动词, 但侧重强调主、从句动作同点或同段进行。

EG3：The students took notes as they listened. (listen为延续性动词)

学生们边听课边做笔记。

注意：

as还可以引导原因状从句表“因为，由于”和让步状语从句表“尽管，虽然”，具体用法见后。

2、引导原因状语从句的because, as 和since。

1) because语气最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。

EG4: I didn’t go, because I was ill at that time.

我没有去，因为我那时病了。

2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。

EG5: He is absent today, becausefor he is ill.

他今天缺席了，因为他病了。

3、引导让步状语从句的although, though 和 as。

这三个词都表示“尽管，虽然”，用法的区别主要在于倒装问题上：

Although 不能倒装， though可以倒装也可以不倒装， as必须倒装。倒装一般分为三种情况：

1） 表语提前，构成倒装

EG6: Though/Although she is very pretty,she is not clever.

虽然她很漂亮，但是她不聪明。

→Pretty though she is,she is not clever.

2）动词提前，构成倒装

EG7: Though/Although they searched,they could not find anything in the house.

虽然他们搜遍了，却没在房子里找到任何东西。

→Search as they did,they could not find anything in the house.

3）副词提前，构成倒装

EG8: Though/Although he tried hard,he couldn't pass the exam.

尽管他努力了，他还没有通过考试。

→Hard as he tried,he couldn't pass the exan.

注意事项：

1、一些词，如the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than等也可引导一个时间状语从句，相当于as soon as的意思。

如：

I didn’t wait a moment, but came immediately you called. 我一刻都没等。你一打电话我就来了。

2、一些含有time的名词短语，如every time, each time, next time, by the time等，以及the day, the year, the morning等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。

如：

The day he returned home, his father was already dead. 他回家的时候他父亲已经去世了。

Next time you come, please bring your composition. 下次来时请带上你的作品。

3、whatever, whoever, whichever等-ever词可引导名词性从句（主要指主语从句和宾语从句），也可引导状语从句（相当于no matter what/who/which）。由于-ever使用范围更广，所以当选项同时出现-ever结构与no matter结构，优先选择-ever结构。

如：

You can pick whichever one you like. 你喜欢哪个就挑哪个。

Whichever of you comes first will receive a prize. 你们谁先到谁就能得奖。

Whatever happens, don’t forget to write. 无论怎样别忘了写信。

Whoever you ask, the answer is always the same. 不管你问谁，答案都一样。

小试牛刀

刷题测试，你能做对几道？

别看答案、别看答案、别看答案

1.____ in the work that she often forgot____her meals.

A．So absorbed was Keller；to take

B．So absorbed Keller was；to take

C．So absorbed Keller was；taking

D．So absorbed was Keller；taking

2.Only____the painting_____decide whether it is worth buying.

A．that he sees; can he

B．that does he see; he can

C．when he sees; can he

D．when does he see; can he

3.Not until the man was out of work again_____going to attend a training class.

A．he considered

B．did he consider

C．does he consider

D．considers

4.____about the economic crisis that he decided to look for more information about it.

A．So curious he was

B．So curious was he

C．Such curious he was

D．Such curious was he

5.At no time____the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.

A．they actually broke

B．do they actually break

C．did they actually break

D．they had actually broken

6.Only____as an interpreter_____how important it was to practise speaking English.

A．when did I work…I realized

B．when did I work…did I realize

C．when I work…did I realize

D．when I worked…did I realize

7.Only when your identity has been checked____.

A．you are allowed in

B．you will be allowed in

C．will you allow in

D．will you be allowed in

8.So difficult _____it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.

A．I did find

B．did I find

C．I have found

D．have I found

9.— Did you know any French before you arrived in Washington?
— Never _____it, actually.

A．had I learned

B．have I learned

C．I learned

D．was I learning

10.—I have finished my homework.
— . ______Let’s go to play tennis.

A．So have I

B．I have so

C．So did I

D．So you do

答案

1.A 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.C

6.D 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.A